Easter eggs

Fabergé, Folklore and Fry’s: An Easter Egg Hunt Through History

Easter does seem to have been a long time coming this year, but it’s not the latest ever Easter. The date of Easter is determined by lunar cycles and changes every year because it is set as the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox. This is based on a formula established by the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, and Easter can fall anywhere between March 22nd and April 25th. Lent is always 40 days though and for those champing at the bit to be reunited with chocolate and other treats, the wait is almost over.

For many Christians Easter is the most significant event in the Church calendar. Although the welcome of Spring is universal, the association of numerous traditions is mainly Christian. Easter eggs largely derive from Christian traditions, where they symbolise the resurrection of Christ. Eggs were forbidden during the 40 day period of fasting leading up to Easter. As a result, people would boil or preserve eggs to keep them from spoiling, and then eat them to celebrate the end of Lent and the arrival of Easter. Over time, this practice evolved into decorating eggs in vibrant colours to represent the joy of Christ’s resurrection, with the egg itself representing the sealed tomb of Christ and the cracking of the egg symbolising his resurrection. However, the tradition of decorating eggs dates back to long before Christianity. In many cultures, eggs have stood for fertility, rebirth, and the cyclical nature of life. In ancient Persia, eggs were painted and exchanged during the celebration of Nowruz, the Persian New Year, which marks the arrival of spring. Similarly, in ancient Egypt, eggs were often used in funerary rituals, symbolising the cycle of life, death, and resurrection.

The modern Easter egg hunt has its roots in 18th-century Europe. The Easter Bunny tradition is most commonly traced back to the early 1700s in Germany, where it was believed that a hare would lay eggs for children to find during Easter. German immigrants brought this tradition to the United States in the 1700s, particularly to Pennsylvania. In this iteration, the hare (or rabbit) would lay coloured eggs, which children would hunt for on Easter Sunday.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the commercialisation of Easter saw the advent of chocolate Easter eggs, a trend that began in Europe. The first chocolate eggs were made in France and Germany, and by the early 20th century, chocolate manufacturers like Cadbury began mass-producing eggs. Today, Easter eggs come in numerous forms – chocolate, plastic, or even surprise-filled – and are an essential part of Easter celebrations around the world. The most lavish egg in the UK continues to be The Bettys Grande Easter Egg. A modest price rise since last year sees it weigh in at £395 for over five kilos of Grand Cru Swiss chocolate. For reasons of personal preference related to nomenclature I would be happy to settle for ‘Jenny the Sheep’ at a modest £18. If you love Cadbury’s creme eggs, an Easter institution begun in 1971 when they were in fact Fry’s creme eggs, don’t delay, they will disappear from the shelves on Easter Monday. They are strictly available only from New Year until Easter.

Betty's Grande Easter Egg
Betty's Grande Easter Egg

The Spring season this year been host to the sublime and the ‘rare and unusual’ in the egg world, the later being a spherical hen’s egg sold recently at Bearnes Hampton and Littlewood. Spotted by egg handler Alion Greene the circular egg sold for £420, with the proceeds donated to charity.

Jenny The Sheep £18
Jenny The Sheep £18
Spherical egg - sold for £420
Spherical egg - sold for £420

By far the pick of the clutch however, are the eggs within the recent collection of Fabergé, sold on March 19th by Dreweatts. The whole sale generated huge interest and was a white glove event, meaning that every lot sold. World authority on Fabergé, Geoffrey Munn, called the collection, ‘nothing short of extraordinary’. Almost every lot sold well above estimate, highlighting once again the importance of keeping abreast of current prices and not relying on old data. A collection of gem-set egg pendants estimated at £1800-2200 hammered at £9000. The biggest surprise may have been the early 20th century diamond and enamel egg pendant and case, the top half of brown leather encased in gold lattice work with rose diamond line dividers and the lower part decorated in panels of royal blue enamel decorated again with the rose diamonds so often favoured by Fabergé work masters. Like all the best Fabergé eggs it contains a secret inside and opens to reveal a removable egg shaped pendant designed as a swan and set throughout with rose cut diamonds and a cabochon ruby eye. This was modestly estimated at £1000-1500, having previously sold at Christies New York in 2001 for $4500, less than a quarter of the £20,000 realised in the Dreweatts sale. Although it was apparently unmarked, the hammer price together with the hallmark Fabergé details suggests that its origin must have been Fabergé.

Early 20th century diamond and enamel egg pendant
Early 20th century diamond and enamel egg pendant
A collection of Faberge egg pendants. Estimate £1,800 - £2,200. Hammer Price £9,000.
A collection of Faberge egg pendants. Estimate £1,800 - £2,200. Hammer Price £9,000.

Should any of our dear readers suffer from ovophobia, you can avoid eggs at Easter by signing up for The Easter Monday Cheese rolling competition in Gloucestershire where participants race down a steep hill after a large wheel of cheese. At Doerr Dallas however, we are mostly looking forward to a welcome break and would like to take the opportunity to wish you all a Happy Easter, however you are spending it.

Easter Eggs

After extensive, but not wholly onerous research, I have found that the must have luxury chocolate Easter egg for 2024 is the Grande Easter Egg from Betty’s in Yorkshire. Your £375 will allow you to acquire over five kilos of Grand Cru Swiss chocolate made from Venezuelan criollo cocoa beans. Your egg will be applied with iced Spring flowers including narcissi, primroses, pansies and lily of the valley all with hand piped stems. Betty’s have been producing these hand crafted edible masterpieces for over a hundred years.

However, the history of eggs at Easter goes back many centuries. In the 1290 household accounts of Edward I ‘one shilling and sixpence for the decoration and distribution of pace eggs.’ ( Pace being a dialectical term for pashe or pascal.) These were hens’ eggs which had been dyed or coloured and were distributed to members of the Royal household. These eggs would have been wrapped in onion skins and then boiled, when the onion skin was removed the eggs looked as though they had a mottled gilding. The Scandinavians had a similar tradition also using flowers and leaves to produce a pattern.

Throughout Europe eggs were dyed and painted; and eggs were in plentiful supply. Although Shrove Tuesday saw the using up of eggs to make pancakes prior to Lent, no-one told the chickens that eggs were off the menu for the next forty days, so they continued to produce them, resulting in a glut of eggs by Easter. Throughout Europe and beyond the decorating and distributing of eggs has been part of Easter celebrations for hundreds of years.

The White House has a traditional Easter Egg Roll. In 1878 the President Rutherford B Hayes allowed the White House Grounds to be opened on Easter Monday and children were allowed to bring along Easter eggs and roll them on the lawn with a long handled spoon. Today it is a huge event and children can enter a public ballot to attend.

The ultimate Easter egg tradition is that of the Fabergé eggs. Jewelled eggs had been gifted at Easter before 1885. However, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, brother to Tsar Alexander III suggested that Peter Carl Fabergé be commissioned to create a Royal egg. The egg, known as the ‘Hen Egg’ was given to the Tsarina, who was thrilled with it. It opened to reveal a golden hen sitting on golden straw and inside the hen was a replica of the Imperial Crown and a ruby pendant. Fabergé had triumphed and Alexander named him ‘goldsmith by special appointment to the Imperial Crown’, placing an order for another egg the following year. The eggs became more ornate and elaborate year after year. The designs did not have to have Royal approval, the only prerequisites were that each should be unique and contain a surprise. The eggs made for the Russian Royal family are known as the Imperial eggs.

A few notable figures, including the Rothschilds commissioned eggs of their own, but these were not numerous. The revolution in 1918, inevitably saw an end to this tradition, although Fabergé in its more recent incarnation still produces egg themed jewellery. Should you wish to purchase your own Fabergé egg pendant this Easter, the 18 carat gold, diamond and enamel Palais Tsarkoye Selo turquoise egg containing an enamel and diamond locket, can be yours for £12,000.

The popularity of gold and silver eggs with novelty surprises may have begun with Fabergé but has been taken up by others. In the 1960’s and 70’s the English silversmith Stuart Devlin acquired a large following for his eggs. They are still popular today and one sold at auction recently with Dreweatts at a hammer price of £1,100.

A longchain suspending numerous French, Austrian and Hungarian egg pendants sold in 2022, as seen in the adjacent images. The finesse of the manufacture, the frequent use of colourful guilloché enamel and the cute novelty surprises inside, helped Bonhams reach a hammer price of £28,000.

If this all seem a little overwhelming perhaps it’s time to consider the more modest Cadbury’s creme egg. Initially sold as the Frys’s creme egg, it became part of the Cadbury family in 1971. They are still only available from New Year’s Day until Easter Sunday and in recent YouGov poll they were ranked as the UK’s most famous confectionery.

We hope that the Easter bunny will bring you your egg of choice and Doerr Dallas wishes you a very happy Easter.

Emperor Nicholas II’s Fabergé Gift to an English Nobleman

The Fabergé name catapults us back to the late 19th century when the Romanovs ruled over the vast Russian Empire. The firm’s fortunes were tied to the lavish spending of an international network of royalty and socialites, until the first world war took its toll on such conspicuous consumption. When the House of Fabergé folded in 1918 alongside the collapse of the Russian monarchy, the Soviet authorities lost no time in nationalising personal property.

Jewelled Kovsh, 1886, presented to Victor Albert Spencer, 3rd Baron Churchill. Image courtesy of Bonhams

Jewelled Kovsh, 1886, presented to Victor Albert Spencer, 3rd Baron Churchill. Image courtesy of Bonhams

Although Fabergé, as a brand name, was revived to represent a string of unrelated products from fragrance and toiletries to household bleach, its association with Imperial splendour was never fully extinguished. Beginning in the 1920’s Western dealers acquired art that was considered ideologically surplus to Soviet requirements. A lucrative market for Fabergé was established, particularly in America, and inspired the trade of spurious ‘Fauxbergé’.
Russia has since re-established its purchasing power and, with it, an unflagging appetite to repatriate its lost patrimony. The learning curve necessary to negotiate heavily restored and imitation pieces is steep. Longstanding collectors who have experienced sharp fluctuations of dizzying prices and market corrections are, as a result, increasingly discerning.

Victor Albert Spencer, 3rd Baron Churchill

Victor Albert Spencer, 3rd Baron Churchill

A recent Russian sale at Bonhams featured a jewelled kovsh (pictured) presented by Emperor Nicholas II to an acquaintance, Victor Albert Spencer, 3rd Baron Churchill, at Balmoral in 1896. As the son of Queen Victoria’s longest service Lady of the Bedchamber, Churchill grew up in the royal household and moved in court circles. The presentation gift, shaped as an abbreviated ladle carved of agate stone, was enhanced by a jewelled double-headed eagle on its handle. This underscored the Imperial provenance and the bowl carved of native hardstone acted as a reminder of Russia’s vast mineral wealth.

One of Faberge’s legendary Easter designs, The Rose Trellis Egg (1907) Courtesy of The Walters Art Museum

One of Faberge’s legendary Easter designs, The Rose Trellis Egg (1907) Courtesy of The Walters Art Museum

Hallmarks confirmed the gift was the work of Michael Perchin, head workmaster for Fabergé in St. Petersburg in 1896. Further inventory numbers scratched on the handle matched up with the firm’s surviving ledgers, corroborating the kovsh’s purchase by the Imperial Cabinet: the office in charge of the treasury, property and institutions belonging to the Russian Imperial family. The Cabinet’s list documenting gifts offered by their Imperial Highnesses abroad in 1896 cited Churchill as the recipient.

Emperor Nicholas II, the last ruling Romanov, and family

Emperor Nicholas II, the last ruling Romanov, and family

The original sale invoice from Fabergé of 335 roubles represented a considerable amount of money. A 1902 Baedecker travel guide suggested budgeting 6-10 roubles for a night’s stay at the legendary Europa Hotel in St. Petersburg, so the presentation was a generous gift to an English acquaintance held in high esteem.
Clarifying the kovsh’s documented provenance offered the buying public the fullest understanding of its historical context and attracted a great deal of interest at Bonhams in November 2018. Churchill’s descendants were gratified by the results of their consignment to the Russian auction when the kovsh sold for £236,750.
As is often the case, Fabergé objects in private hands are repeatedly undervalued as the market has recently become more buoyant, scholarship has advanced considerably and access to Russian archives has improved. It is therefore imperative that any insurance valuation be refreshed every three years and required where none has been undertaken within five.
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